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ICJ opinion signals climate obligations at a crossroads

An exterior view of the International Court Of Justice on December 3, 2024 in The Hague, Netherlands.
The International Court Of Justice, The Hague, Netherlands. Photo: Michel Porro/Getty Images

Sukhi Kaler | CMS, Tim Malloch | CMS, Zainab Hodgson | CMS+1

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The ICJ Advisory Opinion is not formally legally binding, but it possesses legal and moral weight in relation to climate justice and accountability.

On July 23, 2025, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) delivered its highly anticipated Advisory Opinion on the Obligations of States in respect of Climate Change (the Advisory Opinion). The Advisory Opinion has been described as a historic turning point in relation to climate justice and accountability. Others have questioned whether

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